1.\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff1fpasswd -l lizl\u3002<\/p>\n
2.freebsd\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u67092\u4e2a\uff0c\/etc \/passwd \u548c\/etc\/master.passwd,\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\/etc\/pwd.db\u548c\/etc\/spwd.db\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528vipw\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u8fd92\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
3.sh\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/profile\uff0ccsh\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/csh.cshrc\uff0ccsh.login\u548ccsh.logout.<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1shell\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/shells\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5b89\u88c5bash\u540e\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u4e4b\u751f\u6548\uff09<\/p>\n
\/usr\/bin\/chsh -s bash \u4fee\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684shell\u4e3abash\uff0cshell\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\/usr\/share\/skel\u4e0b<\/p>\n
~\/.bash-history \u8bb0\u5f55sh\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4;~\/.history\u8bb0\u5f55csh\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
4.\/var\/log\/\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n
lastlog \u4fdd\u5b58\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
utmp \u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8bb0\u5f55 \uff08who\uff0cu\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/p>\n
wtmp \u4fdd\u5b58\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u7b49\u8bb0\u5f55 \uff08last\uff0cap\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/p>\n
\/etc\/syslog.conf \u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fdd\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
5.\u914d\u7f6esudo\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4fee\u6539visudo \/etc\/sudoers<\/p>\n
root ALL=(ALL) ALL\uff08\u7528\u6237\uff09<\/p>\n
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL\uff08\u7ec4\uff09<\/p>\n
6.\u53ea\u6709wheel\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528su<\/p>\n
7.\/etc\/fstab \u5f00\u673a\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff08mount\uff0cdf\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/p>\n
\/etc\/fbtab change device protection upon login<\/p>\n
8.\u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8\u547d\u4ee4 \/stand\/fsck<\/p>\n
9.\u5b89\u88c5\u5411\u5bfc\u5de5\u5177 \/stand\/sysinstall<\/p>\n
10.\/stand\/zcat \u67e5\u770b\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
11.\/etc\/ttys \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ewindow\u4e2d\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bd4\u59823306\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n
12.\/usr\/sbin\/kbdcontrol \u66f4\u6539\u952e\u76d8\u8bbe\u7f6e \/usr\/share\/syscons\/keymaps<\/p>\n
13.\/usr\/sbin\/vidcontrol \u66f4\u6539\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e \/usr\/share\/syscons\/fonts<\/p>\n
14.\/usr\/sbin\/vidcontrol \u66f4\u6539\u9f20\u6807\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n
15.\u67e5\u770b\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f uname -v<\/p>\n
16.\/etc\/rc.conf \u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n
17.\/usr\/sbin\/tzsetup \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\u533a \/usr\/share\/zoneinfo<\/p>\n
18.\/usr\/bin\/jobs \u67e5\u770b\u6b63\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0cfg $1(%1)\u5207\u6362\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ps\u67e5\u627e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u5e76\u7528kill pid\uff08kill -9 pid\uff09\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
19.\/usr\/sbin\/pstat\uff0c\/usr\/bin\/vmstat\uff0c\/usr\/bin\/systat \uff0c\/usr\/bin\/fstat\uff0c\/usr\/sbin\/iostat\uff0c\/usr\/bin\/netstat\uff0cusr\/bin\/nfsstat \uff0c\/usr\/bin\/top\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n
20.\/etc\/crontab root\u7684crontab\u6587\u4ef6 \uff0ccrontab -l \u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684crontab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ccrontab -e \u7f16\u8f91\u81ea\u5df1\u7684crontab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ccrontab -r \u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684crontab\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7684crontab\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/var\/cron\/tabs\u4e0b\uff08 \/usr\/sbin\/cron crontab\uff09<\/p>\n
21.\/var\/at\/at.allow \u548c\/var\/at\/at.deny\uff08atrm \u5220\u9664at\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0catq\u67e5\u770b\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u7684at\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/p>\n
22.pkg_info \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff08pkg_info -a\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\uff09pkg_delete\u5220\u9664 pkg_add\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n
23.\/etc\/inetd.conf \u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0bdaemon\u4e3await\uff0c\u975e\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3anowait<\/p>\n
24.\/etc\/services\u7aef\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
25.\/bin\/hostname \u8bbe\u7f6e\u673a\u5668\u540d\uff0c\/sbin\/ifconfig IP\u5730\u5740\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u63a9\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6eIp\u5730\u5740\uff0cifconfig (-a)\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f ifconfig lnc0 192.168.115.188 alias \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u522b\u540difconfig lnc0 delete 192.168.115.188 \u5220\u9664\u7f51\u7edc\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n
26.\/sbin\/route\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173route add default 192.168.115.255 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531 route add -net 192.168.10.0\/24 192.168.1.253 \u67e5\u770b\u8def\u7531\u8868<\/p>\n
\/usr\/bin\/netstat -r<\/p>\n
27.\/etc\/hosts\u4e0e\/etc\/resolv.conf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u540d\u5b57\u548cip\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\/etc\/host.conf\u5b9a\u4e49\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n
28.\/usr\/sbin\/traceroute 192.168.1.115 \u8ddf\u8e2a\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u614e\u7528<\/p>\n